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Kessler Foundation Research Center Study Provides Insight Into One Of The Most Challenging Symptoms Following A Traumatic Brain Injury
A recent study by Kessler Foundation Research Center published in Brain Injury, the official journal of the International Brain Injury Association, uncovered the possible cause of cognitive fatigue in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive fatigue has been shown to be one of the most challenging symptoms following TBI, greatly affecting everyday life activities such as work and school. The study also addressed the difficult task of measuring cognitive fatigue through the use of functional MRI (fMRI), an advanced imaging technology. In addition to civilians with TBI, methodology from the study could potentially be used in VA Hospitals to improve the lives of the estimated 300,000 U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans who suffer from brain injury. Cognitive fatigue is a highly prevalent condition, with 73 percent of TBI patients reporting significant levels of fatigue even five years post-injury.
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Early Screening Reduces Disparities For Prostate Cancer
Men who have a regular, ongoing relationship with a health care provider are more likely to receive prostate cancer screening and less likely to be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer, regardless of their race, according to a University of North Carolina study published in the current issue of the journal Cancer.
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Additional "Unsuspected" Breast Cancers Not Seen On Mammography Or Ultrasound Detected By Breast MRI
A total of 199 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent breast MRI. "We found additional, unsuspected cancers in the ipsilateral breast (the one that had already been diagnosed with cancer) in 16% of patients; we found cancers in the contralateral breast (the one that had not been diagnosed with cancer) in 4% of patients," said Petra J. Lewis, MD, lead author of the study. "These patients had already had bilateral mammography and these tumors had not been apparent on mammography," said Dr. Lewis.
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Larvae Shun The Light

Drosophila larvae avoid light during the foraging stage of their development. Research published in the open access journal BMC Neuroscience shows that both 5-HT (serotonergic) and corazonergic neurons have a role in regulating this behavior. To identify which neurons modulate the larvae"s photobehavior, VerÃönica G. Rodriguez Moncalvo and Ana Regina Campos from McMaster University, Ontario, Canada analysed Drosophila larvae which had been genetically engineered to achieve suppressed synaptic transmission in candidate neurons. Muted synaptic transmission can be achieved by targeted expression of tetanus toxin light chain (TNT), as when made in neurons TNT suppresses evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release. The authors looked first at larvae in which dopaminergic, serotonergic and corazonergic neurons had been silenced by using the DOPA decarboxylase (Ddc) promoter to drive TNT expression, and subsequently at larvae expressing constructs with more specific promoters, in which different subsets of Ddc neurons were muted. Larvae with and without the function of these neurons were put through their paces in light and dark conditions. The results show that inactivation of Ddc neurons increases the aversion to light, both during the foraging phase, when larvae are characteristically photophobic, and the later stages of development, when larvae are usually photoneutral. Both 5-HT neurons and corazonergic neurons, but not dopaminergic neurons, contribute to light-controlled larval locomotion, and this is modulated at least partly by 5-HT neurons located in the brain hemispheres. However, this modulation does not appear to occur at the photoreceptor level and may be mediated by 5-HT1ADro receptors. These findings may provide clues to help identify the target neurons of the serotonin signalling, which the authors believe could be critical for light-controlled movement. "These findings provide new insights into the function of 5-HT neurons in Drosophila larval behavior, as well as into the mechanisms underlying regulation of larval response to light," says Campos. Notes> 1. Role of serotonergic neurons in the Drosophila larval response to light Veronica G Rodriguez Moncalvo and Ana REGINA Campos BMC Neuroscience (in press) Article available at journal website. All articles are available free of charge, according to BioMed Central"s open access policy. 2. BMC Neuroscience is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of cellular, tissue-level, organismal, functional and developmental aspects of the nervous system. BMC Neuroscience (ISSN 1471-2202) is indexed/tracked/covered by PubMed, MEDLINE, BIOSIS, CAS, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Thomson Reuters (ISI) and Google Scholar. Charlotte Webber BioMed Central


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