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Experts Urge Increased Education About Diabetes During Pregnancy
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Diabetes Association next month plan to launch a joint campaign designed to raise awareness about pregnancy-related risks from diabetes, USA Today reports. An increasing number of women are either beginning pregnancies with existing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes -- known as pre-gestational diabetes -- or developing gestational diabetes, according to Sue Kirkman, vice president of clinical affairs for ADA. Kirkman said that diabetes increases the risk for miscarriage, delivery complications, maternal health problems and birth defects. However, these risks can be reduced through preconception counseling, controlling blood sugar and maintaining a healthy weight, she said. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, almost five of every 1,000 women ages 18 to 44 have diabetes. The majority of these women have Type 2 diabetes, which is linked to obesity, USA Today reports. Denise Charron-Prochownik, an associate professor of health promotion at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center School of Nursing and Graduate School of Public Health, said that pre-conception education for women with existing diabetes should begin as early as age 13 but that "it"s not happening."Helain Landy, chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Georgetown University Hospital, said that gestational diabetes occurs in about 4% of pregnant women. Landy said, "From an epidemiological standpoint, that is a lot." Florence Brown, co-director of the Joslin Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center"s Diabetes and Pregnancy Program, said that many women with gestational diabetes are unaware that they are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease later in life and have children who develop diabetes (Brophy Marcus, USA Today, 7/6).
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Catalysts assist in chemical reactions without undergoing any alteration of their own. In the cells of living organisms, proteins perform this important function. They carry out the metabolism fundamental to all living processes. Proteins are instrumental in cellular respiration, they for instance reduce oxygen to water and oxidize food into carbon dioxide. This releases the energy that makes life possible at all.
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Time To Fill The Gaps In NHS Dentistry

Which? is challenging the belief that it"s impossible to get an appointment with an NHS dentist as its new research shows that nine out of 10 people* who have tried in the last two years were, in fact, able to get one. Nevertheless, the consumer champion says it is unacceptable that 3 million people in England** tried but were unable to get an NHS appointment in the last two years. A further 4.5 million people*** have stopped trying to find an NHS dentist, having had problems in the past. Which? wants the Government to make filling the remaining gaps in NHS access an urgent priority. Since the NHS doesn"t know where these gaps are, Which? has developed an online dentist finder to help and is calling on consumers who have had problems getting an appointment to try again. Anyone who still can"t find an NHS dentist after using the dentist finder can tell Which? so that it can pinpoint areas where access is still a problem. Helen McCallum, Which? Director of Policy and Communications, says: "The common belief is that NHS dentists are as rare as hens" teeth, but it"s not nearly as difficult to find one as most people think. "We hope our online dentist finder will help the NHS to pinpoint the trouble spots so that not only can they help the millions of people without a dentist, but so we can start to clear up the misconception that NHS dentists are almost impossible to find. If we can identify the problem Trusts, there will be no excuse for the Government not to act, clear up these few areas and, crucially, the perception that if you"re lucky enough to find an NHS dentist, you should hold on for dear life!" As well as solving remaining access problems, Which? wants greater clarity on what dental services are available on the NHS, steps to improve the public"s trust in dental services and more education about oral health. Notes * Which? conducted a quantitative survey of 2,631 adults aged 16+ in England using a general public online access panel between 19th January and 4th February 2009. (A total of 3,053 were interviewed, including the other 3 nations). In our survey, 68 per cent of people had tried to make an appointment with an NHS dentist in the past 2 years. Of these, 88 per cent were successful. ** In our survey, 8% of the sample had tried to get an NHS dental appointment in the past two years but were unsuccessful. The 3 million figure is a simple estimate that multiplies the number of adults aged 16+ in England (from ONS 2007 mid-population estimates) by the percentage from the survey: 41 million x 8%. A 95% confidence interval on this calculation gives a value between 2.8 million and 3.6 million, with a mid point of 3.2 million (rounded to 3 million). ***7% of our sample had gone private the last time they went to the dentist in the past two years with one of their reasons being that they couldn"t find an NHS dentist to take them on but had not tried to get an NHS appointment in the past two years. A further 4% had had not been to the dentist at all in the past two years with one of their reasons being that they couldn"t get an NHS appointment or couldn"t find an NHS dentist in their area, but had also not tried to get an NHS appointment in the past two years. These two groups combined make up 11% of the sample. Using the same calculation as above gives a value between 4 and 5 million, with a mid point of 4.5 million. The Government recently initiated an independent review of NHS dentistry in England, which is being led by Professor Jimmy Steele of the University of Newcastle. In its submission to the Review, Which? set out the following changes it wants the Government to deliver: - Finding an NHS dentist, in a convenient location, becomes easy for everybody - It is made clear what dental services people have a right to receive on the NHS and what the prices are - The quality of every dentist"s work is checked regularly - National targets for dental check up attendance are set and met - Advice is provided to help people take better care of their teeth WHICH


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